National Voter Registration Data

Voter Registration
Data by State

63.4M voters are registered independent or unaffiliated. That's nearly as many as all registered Republicans.

82.3M voters

69.5M voters

63.4M voters

2.7M voters

37.8%

Democratic

82.3M voters

31.9%

Republican

69.5M voters

29.1%

Independent

63.4M voters

1.2%

Other

2.7M voters

37.8%

Democratic — 82.3M

31.9%

Republican — 69.5M

29.1%

Independent — 63.4M

1.2%

Other — 2.7M

See Who’s Locked Out ↓Compare All States

Explore by State

Find your state

Each state links to a full voter registration and primary access breakdown.

Closed

Semi-Closed

Semi-Open

Open

Nonpartisan

217.8M

Registered Voters Nationwide

29.1%

Independent / Unaffiliated

65.3%

Avg. 2024 Turnout

States Lock Out Independents

The Lockout

18.2M independent voters
can't vote in primaries.

18.2M

independent voters live in states where they're locked out of primary elections.

Nearly 1 in 3 independent voters nationwide.

50%

4,390,045

3,122,408

2,199,787

1,488,485

1,264,689

1,027,579

1,020,658

995,584

795,831

722,361

548,649

253,326

156,311

153,536

36,806

Florida: 4.5 million locked-out independents: more voters than 25 states' total registration.

“Independent” includes all voters not registered with the Democratic or Republican Party.

But in some states, it's even worse.

The Plurality Paradox

In 3 states, the largest group of voters
can't participate in primaries.

OregonClosed Primary

43.95% independent · 1,488,485 voters

Dem 31%

Rep 23%

Ind 44%

Other 2%

NevadaClosed Primary

43.77% independent · 995,584 voters

Dem 27%

Rep 27%

Ind 44%

Other 2%

ConnecticutClosed Primary

43.63% independent · 1,027,579 voters

Dem 35%

Rep 21%

Ind 44%

Other 0%

In all three states, independents outnumber both parties. They cannot vote in their own primaries.

But the map is shifting.

The Map Is Changing

In 18 states, independents already
outnumber both parties.

From Massachusetts (67%) to Ohio (38%), independent voters are the largest registered group.

These 18 states represent tens of millions of voters where independents hold the plurality.

The Solution Exists

Nonpartisan primaries work.
Three states prove it.

California

Nonpartisan Top-Two

All candidates appear on a single ballot. The top two vote-getters advance to the general election, regardless of party.

Dem 44.76%

Rep 25.08%

Ind 27%

Other 3.17%

Every registered voter can participate.

Washington

Nonpartisan Top-Two

Every registered voter receives the same ballot. Top two candidates move forward regardless of party affiliation.

Dem 52.02%

Rep 27.14%

Ind 20.83%

Other 0%

Every registered voter can participate.

Alaska

Nonpartisan Top-Four

Top four candidates advance from a single primary ballot to a ranked-choice general election. The most advanced reform model in the country.

Alaska advanced the model further in 2020 with top-four primaries and ranked-choice voting.

Dem 11.71%

Rep 23.16%

Ind 63.42%

Other 1.72%

Every registered voter can participate.

Learn How Primary Election Systems Work →

Now explore the data yourself.

Explore the Data

All 50 States + DC: Registration,
Parties, and Primary Access

Sort by any column. Filter to closed-primary states or states where independents hold the plurality. Click any state for a full breakdown.

15 closed-primary states

16 states where independents are #1

3 nonpartisan primary states

Showing 51 of 51 states

State↑	Registered	Dem %	Rep %	Ind %	Primary Type	2024 Turnout
Alabama*	3,524,133	35.96%*	55.43%*	8.6%*	Open Primary	58.7%
Alaska*	581,882	11.71%*	23.16%*	63.42%*	Nonpartisan Top-Four	63.6%
Arizona*	4,428,440	28.02%*	35.21%*	33.58%*	Semi-Open Primary	63.9%
Arkansas*	1,669,152	21.29%*	38.68%*	39.98%*	Open Primary	54.1%
California	23,212,519	44.76%	25.08%	27%	Nonpartisan Top-Two	62.3%
Colorado	4,022,434	24.66%	22.23%	50.67%	Semi-Open Primary	73.4%
Connecticut*	2,355,375	35.07%*	21.11%*	43.63%*	Closed Primary	67%
Delaware*	771,292	41.16%*	24.95%*	32.84%*	Closed Primary	66.8%
District of Columbia	496,113	74.76%	5.21%	18.37%	Semi-Closed Primary	64.9%
Florida*	15,042,734	31.03%*	38.64%*	29.18%*	Closed Primary	67.4%
Georgia*	7,573,237	43.84%*	27.47%*	28.7%*	Open Primary	68%
Hawaii*	788,186	37.83%*	13.53%*	48.64%*	Open Primary	50.3%
Idaho	968,608	11.52%	61.9%	25.19%	Semi-Closed Primary	64.2%
Illinois*	8,430,173	38.28%*	19.91%*	41.77%*	Open Primary	63.5%
Indiana*	4,383,733	24.51%*	30.43%*	44.61%*	Open Primary	59.1%
Iowa	2,046,584	27.35%	36.46%	35.3%	Closed Primary	71%
Kansas	1,877,427	24.63%	44.91%	29.22%	Closed Primary	63.3%
Kentucky	3,109,169	40.95%	48.15%	5.03%	Closed Primary	62.9%
Louisiana	2,873,116	35.76%	35.97%	27.7%	Closed Primary	61.2%
Maine	970,303	33.67%	29.74%	32.27%	Semi-Open Primary	74.6%
Maryland*	4,331,146	51.16%*	23.57%*	23.57%*	Closed Primary	69.4%
Massachusetts	4,920,486	24.5%	8.01%	66.62%	Semi-Closed Primary	68.4%
Michigan*	7,940,343	53.2%*	30.22%*	16.58%*	Open Primary	74.9%
Minnesota*	3,810,776	34.4%*	37.26%*	28.34%*	Open Primary	76.5%
Mississippi*	1,958,621	24.08%*	29%*	46.9%*	Open Primary	57.8%
Missouri*	4,150,457	33.4%*	49.31%*	17.16%*	Open Primary	64.6%
Montana*	740,161	26.39%*	44.74%*	28.87%*	Open Primary	68.4%
Nebraska	1,217,351	25.92%	49.71%	22.16%	Semi-Closed Primary	68.6%
Nevada	2,274,666	27.18%	26.64%	43.77%	Closed Primary	66.2%
New Hampshire	1,086,357	28.14%	31.93%	39.92%	Semi-Closed Primary	73.7%
New Jersey	6,249,516	38.48%	25.23%	35.2%	Closed Primary	67.5%
New Mexico*	1,312,508	41.34%*	31.42%*	25.46%*	Open Primary	59.7%
New York	12,325,287	47.58%	22.61%	25.33%	Closed Primary	60.5%
North Carolina	7,281,301	29.78%	30.12%	39.48%	Semi-Closed Primary	70.7%
North Dakota*	464,043	28.7%*	43.01%*	28.29%*	Open Primary	63.9%
Ohio*	7,568,753	31.09%*	31.12%*	37.7%*	Open Primary	65.4%
Oklahoma	2,253,813	25.14%	53.71%	20.2%	Semi-Closed Primary	53.5%
Oregon*	3,386,962	30.98%*	22.8%*	43.95%*	Closed Primary	71.9%
Pennsylvania*	8,569,018	42.59%*	41.07%*	14.76%*	Closed Primary	71.4%
Rhode Island	757,909	34.38%	14.3%	51.33%	Semi-Closed Primary	63.3%
South Carolina*	3,486,071	40.99%*	48.74%*	10.27%*	Open Primary	62.3%
South Dakota*	599,763	22.61%*	51.19%*	25.6%*	Closed Primary	64.5%
Tennessee*	4,327,580	18.23%*	33.69%*	48.08%*	Open Primary	57.9%
Texas*	17,746,985	46.65%*	37.12%*	16.24%*	Open Primary	56.8%
Utah	1,705,484	13.63%	50.65%	34.04%	Semi-Closed Primary	64.7%
Vermont*	471,267	53.07%*	20.37%*	26.56%*	Open Primary	70.8%
Virginia*	6,016,502	51.37%*	30.21%*	18.41%*	Open Primary	71.5%
Washington*	5,306,610	52.02%*	27.14%*	20.83%*	Nonpartisan Top-Two	70.2%
West Virginia*	1,125,010	27.14%*	43.79%*	27.74%*	Semi-Closed Primary	55.6%
Wisconsin*	4,987,440	31.13%*	37.66%*	31.21%*	Open Primary	76.7%
Wyoming	339,655	12.27%	75.13%	10.84%	Closed Primary	61.2%

* Modeled party data — these states do not have official party registration. Data is estimated by L2 using primary ballot choice, partisan contributions, and analytics.

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