National Voter Registration Data

Voter Registration
Data by State

63M voters are registered independent or unaffiliated. That's nearly as many as all registered Republicans.

83M voters

69.6M voters

63M voters

2.7M voters

38%

Democratic

83M voters

31.9%

Republican

69.6M voters

28.9%

Independent

63M voters

1.2%

Other

2.7M voters

38%

Democratic — 83M

31.9%

Republican — 69.6M

28.9%

Independent — 63M

1.2%

Other — 2.7M

See Who’s Locked Out ↓Compare All States

Explore by State

Find your state

Each state links to a full voter registration and primary access breakdown.

Closed

Semi-Closed

Semi-Open

Open

Nonpartisan

218.3M

Registered Voters Nationwide

28.9%

Independent / Unaffiliated

65.3%

Avg. 2024 Turnout

States Lock Out Independents

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The Lockout

18.2M independent voters
can't vote in primaries.

18.2M

independent voters live in states where they're locked out of primary elections.

Nearly 1 in 3 independent voters nationwide.

50%

4,367,183

3,170,229

2,220,412

1,481,168

1,286,211

1,023,665

1,022,346

997,590

796,354

690,110

529,248

252,042

163,885

151,721

36,669

Florida: 4.5 million locked-out independents: more voters than 25 states' total registration.

“Independent” includes all voters not registered with the Democratic or Republican Party.

But in some states, it's even worse.

The Plurality Paradox

In 3 states, the largest group of voters
can't participate in primaries.

NevadaClosed Primary

44.3% independent · 1,023,665 voters

Dem 27%

Rep 26%

Ind 44%

Other 2%

OregonClosed Primary

43.87% independent · 1,481,168 voters

Dem 31%

Rep 23%

Ind 44%

Other 2%

ConnecticutClosed Primary

43.64% independent · 1,022,346 voters

Dem 35%

Rep 21%

Ind 44%

Other 0%

In all three states, independents outnumber both parties. They cannot vote in their own primaries.

But the map is shifting.

The Map Is Changing

In 18 states, independents already
outnumber both parties.

From Massachusetts (67%) to Ohio (36%), independent voters are the largest registered group.

These 18 states represent tens of millions of voters where independents hold the plurality.

The Solution Exists

Nonpartisan primaries work.
Three states prove it.

California

Nonpartisan Top-Two

All candidates appear on a single ballot. The top two vote-getters advance to the general election, regardless of party.

Dem 44.58%

Rep 25.01%

Ind 27.25%

Other 3.16%

Every registered voter can participate.

Washington

Nonpartisan Top-Two

Every registered voter receives the same ballot. Top two candidates move forward regardless of party affiliation.

Dem 52.27%

Rep 27.01%

Ind 20.72%

Other 0%

Every registered voter can participate.

Alaska

Nonpartisan Top-Four

Top four candidates advance from a single primary ballot to a ranked-choice general election. The most advanced reform model in the country.

Alaska advanced the model further in 2020 with top-four primaries and ranked-choice voting.

Dem 11.6%

Rep 22.89%

Ind 63.78%

Other 1.73%

Every registered voter can participate.

Learn How Primary Election Systems Work →

Now explore the data yourself.

Explore the Data

All 50 States + DC: Registration,
Parties, and Primary Access

Sort by any column. Filter to closed-primary states or states where independents hold the plurality. Click any state for a full breakdown.

15 closed-primary states

15 states where independents are #1

3 nonpartisan primary states

Showing 51 of 51 states

State↑	Registered	Dem %	Rep %	Ind %	Primary Type	2024 Turnout
Alabama*	3,569,990	36.71%*	54.83%*	8.46%*	Open Primary	58.7%
Alaska*	583,011	11.6%*	22.89%*	63.78%*	Nonpartisan Top-Four	63.6%
Arizona*	4,366,837	28.08%*	35.09%*	33.6%*	Semi-Open Primary	63.9%
Arkansas*	1,675,730	21.11%*	38.38%*	40.45%*	Open Primary	54.1%
California	22,633,453	44.58%	25.01%	27.25%	Nonpartisan Top-Two	62.3%
Colorado	3,943,363	24.67%	22.15%	50.78%	Semi-Open Primary	73.4%
Connecticut*	2,342,458	35.07%*	21.09%*	43.64%*	Closed Primary	67%
Delaware*	767,807	41.19%*	24.94%*	32.83%*	Closed Primary	66.8%
District of Columbia	496,163	75.35%	5.13%	17.93%	Semi-Closed Primary	64.9%
Florida*	15,140,678	30.99%*	38.91%*	28.84%*	Closed Primary	67.4%
Georgia*	7,590,638	43.84%*	27.28%*	28.89%*	Open Primary	68%
Hawaii*	789,732	37.83%*	13.4%*	48.77%*	Open Primary	50.3%
Idaho	976,781	11.6%	63.15%	23.84%	Semi-Closed Primary	64.2%
Illinois*	8,413,939	40.25%*	20.3%*	39.39%*	Open Primary	63.5%
Indiana*	4,426,696	25.74%*	30.31%*	43.57%*	Open Primary	59.1%
Iowa	2,050,884	28.58%	36.96%	33.65%	Closed Primary	71%
Kansas	1,888,158	25.76%	45.01%	28.03%	Closed Primary	63.3%
Kentucky	3,125,133	40.49%	48.37%	5.24%	Closed Primary	62.9%
Louisiana	2,869,416	35.63%	36.05%	27.75%	Closed Primary	61.2%
Maine	968,244	33.71%	29.66%	32.53%	Semi-Open Primary	74.6%
Maryland*	4,284,427	51.49%*	23.52%*	23.28%*	Closed Primary	69.4%
Massachusetts	4,975,580	24.04%	7.8%	67.32%	Semi-Closed Primary	68.4%
Michigan*	7,996,260	53.19%*	29.95%*	16.85%*	Open Primary	74.9%
Minnesota*	3,851,089	34.52%*	37.4%*	28.08%*	Open Primary	76.5%
Mississippi*	1,960,801	23.94%*	28.77%*	47.27%*	Open Primary	57.8%
Missouri*	4,177,846	33.62%*	49.03%*	17.23%*	Open Primary	64.6%
Montana*	749,048	26.43%*	44.5%*	29.07%*	Open Primary	68.4%
Nebraska	1,210,120	25.91%	49.75%	22.14%	Semi-Closed Primary	68.6%
Nevada	2,310,546	27.1%	26.28%	44.3%	Closed Primary	66.2%
New Hampshire	1,090,015	29.71%	32.32%	37.97%	Semi-Closed Primary	73.7%
New Jersey	6,257,083	38.34%	25.08%	35.49%	Closed Primary	67.5%
New Mexico*	1,375,282	39.8%*	30.15%*	28.36%*	Open Primary	59.7%
New York	12,324,811	47.47%	22.53%	25.72%	Closed Primary	60.5%
North Carolina	7,291,967	29.59%	29.92%	39.87%	Semi-Closed Primary	70.7%
North Dakota*	465,007	28.68%*	42.93%*	28.4%*	Open Primary	63.9%
Ohio*	7,639,494	32.55%*	30.74%*	36.47%*	Open Primary	65.4%
Oklahoma	2,286,741	25.29%	53.61%	20.15%	Semi-Closed Primary	53.5%
Oregon*	3,376,289	30.95%*	22.92%*	43.87%*	Closed Primary	71.9%
Pennsylvania*	8,590,877	42.65%*	40.8%*	14.97%*	Closed Primary	71.4%
Rhode Island	756,414	34.1%	14%	51.9%	Semi-Closed Primary	63.3%
South Carolina*	3,516,389	40.71%*	49.08%*	10.21%*	Open Primary	62.3%
South Dakota*	605,126	21.66%*	52.68%*	25.07%*	Closed Primary	64.5%
Tennessee*	4,414,911	19.11%*	34.71%*	46.18%*	Open Primary	57.9%
Texas*	17,905,827	48.61%*	36.2%*	15.2%*	Open Primary	56.8%
Utah	1,955,683	14.05%	50%	34.19%	Semi-Closed Primary	64.7%
Vermont*	470,838	52.98%*	20.33%*	26.7%*	Open Primary	70.8%
Virginia*	6,060,650	51.11%*	30.24%*	18.64%*	Open Primary	71.5%
Washington*	5,314,839	52.27%*	27.01%*	20.72%*	Nonpartisan Top-Two	70.2%
West Virginia*	1,128,123	26.96%*	43.92%*	27.81%*	Semi-Closed Primary	55.6%
Wisconsin*	4,970,589	31.07%*	37.66%*	31.27%*	Open Primary	76.7%
Wyoming	350,976	11.9%	75.96%	10.45%	Closed Primary	61.2%

* Modeled party data — these states do not have official party registration. Data is estimated by L2 using primary ballot choice, partisan contributions, and analytics.

All data provided by

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